Graves’ Disease – Visible and Invisible Signs

As an autoimmune disorder, Graves’ disease causes the immune system to attack the healthy tissue of the thyroid gland. The condition increases the production of thyroid hormones, causing hyperthyroidism. Since these hormones affect the functions of various organs, several uncomfortable and often dangerous symptoms occur. Many of these signs are visible, some are felt rather than observed, and a few aren’t noticed at all.

Several factors could aggravate Graves’ symptoms, including smoking, infections, and pregnancy. The most common issue is emotional stress, so reducing this is crucial to avoid exacerbating the condition. Do seek medical assistance to prevent further complications. Your doctor may recommend relaxation techniques, meditation, relaxing activities like yoga, meditation, and other therapeutic recreational activities, as well as health education to relieve stress. Watching for the signs of Graves’ is also important to prevent possible life-threatening effects of the disease.

Woman having pain in throat suffering from grave's disease.

Graves’ Disease Effects on the Body

The hormones created by the thyroid gland affect several bodily functions, including body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism. Graves’ causes an increase in hormones, altering all of these roles and resulting in hyperthyroidism.

Another possible issue caused by the disease is Graves’ ophthalmopathy. This eye disease occurs when healthy eye tissue is attacked by the body’s immune system.

Though infrequent, skin problems are also possible for those with Graves’ disease. Discoloration and texture changes affect the shins, tops of the feet, and other areas. These symptoms are rarely severe or painful, though they may be unsightly.

Visible symptoms

Graves’ disease causes 85% of hyperthyroidism cases, often with several visible symptoms alerting patients to the condition. Though you may notice an increased appetite, weight loss is one of the signs. The hands or fingers may also tremble slightly without warning.

Swelling around the thyroid gland, known as a goiter, often occurs. Some people also report hair brittleness or loss, frequent bowel movements, or diarrhea. Men may lose the ability to maintain an erection, while women often notice irregular menstrual cycles.

When the condition causes an eye disease, various symptoms affect these areas. Your eyes may bulge or become puffy, red, or irritated. You may also have difficulty fully closing your eyes since the lids often pull back too far. Though both eyes are usually affected, some people only notice issues in one.

Those experiencing skin issues frequently notice unusual thickness and a rough texture to the affected area. The skin may appear reddish, though it won’t be painful to the touch.

Invisible signs

Not all the symptoms of Graves’ disease are visible to the naked eye. Several happen beneath the skin and are often felt rather than seen. In fact, the majority of the symptoms of the condition are invisible.

Graves’ patients often feel fatigued, likely due to sleep issues, including insomnia. Anxiety, nervousness, irritability, memory loss, and reduced concentration are also common symptoms of the disease.

Since heart rate is regulated by thyroid hormones, you may experience hypertension and an increased heart rate. The body has difficulty regulating temperature, causing heat intolerance, excessive sweating, and warm, damp skin. Weak muscles are another common symptom to watch for.

When Graves’ disease affects the eyes, you may experience double vision, pressure or pain, and light sensitivity. Some patients have difficulty moving their eyes to look around.

Managing stress is important for people with Graves’ disease, as stress can exacerbate symptoms and lead to further complications. Consider lifestyle changes, including healthy diet, regular exercises and relaxing mental activities, yoga and Tai Chi.  These practices can help reduce stress and improve flexibility and balance.

Techniques like deep breathing exercises can reduce stress and anxiety. Consider seeing a therapist or counselor to work through stress and anxiety. Health education is crucial. Learning to manage your stress levels can greatly help you improve your condition. Limit exposure to stress-inducing environments or people when possible. By incorporating these techniques into your daily routine, you can better manage stress and reduce the risk of complications.

Graves’ disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid, causing hyperthyroidism. While it may not be cured in the traditional sense, it can often be effectively managed, and many people with Graves’ disease can achieve a state of remission where symptoms are minimal or absent.

Resources:

  1. NCBI, June 18, 2021, In brief: How does the thyroid gland work https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279388/#:~:text=The%20thyroid%20gland%20is%20a,thyroid%20hormones%20into%20the%20bloodstream.
  2. NIDDK, Graves’ disease https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/graves-disease#:~:text=Graves’%20disease%20is%20an%20autoimmune,the%20way%20your%20heart%20beats
  3. Cleveland Clinic, Hyperthyroidism https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14129-hyperthyroidism
  4. National Eye Institute, Graves’ Eye Disease https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/graves-eye-disease#:~:text=Graves’%20eye%20disease%20happens%20when,go%20away%20on%20its%20own
  5. NCBI, June 20, 2023, Graves’ Disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448195/
This article is for educational and informational purpose only and does not substitute for professional medical advice. For any questions about your own health condition, speak to a qualified physician or healthcare provider.